Site Permeability in Victoria: Understanding Regulations and Best Practices

If you’re planning to build or develop a property in Victoria, it’s important to understand the regulations surrounding site permeability. Site permeability refers to the amount of permeable surface area on a property, which is the area that allows water to flow through it. This includes surfaces such as lawns, gardens, and permeable driveways.

In Victoria, the Building Regulations 2018 specify that if your property is in a zone that requires a minimum area of permeable surfaces, you must ensure that your property meets this requirement. This means that a certain percentage of your property must be made up of permeable surfaces, depending on the size and location of your property. It’s important to note that site coverage and permeability are separate standards, and should not be combined.

Understanding the regulations surrounding site permeability is crucial if you want to avoid any issues or delays in the building or development process. By ensuring that your property meets the minimum requirements for permeable surfaces, you can help to reduce the risk of flooding and erosion, and contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly development. Keep reading to learn more about the regulations surrounding site permeability in Victoria.

Understanding Site Permeability

Site permeability is an important aspect of sustainable urban design and water management. It refers to the ability of a site to absorb and filter rainwater into the ground, rather than allowing it to run off into stormwater drains. Permeability can be affected by a range of factors, including soil type, vegetation cover, and the presence of impermeable surfaces such as pavement and buildings.

In Victoria, the site permeability requirement is one of the 13 residential development standards outlined in the Residential Development Provisions (ResCode). The standard aims to promote sustainable water management by ensuring that new developments have adequate permeable surfaces to manage stormwater runoff.

To meet the site permeability requirement, new developments must have a minimum percentage of permeable surfaces. The exact percentage varies depending on the location and zoning of the site, as well as the type of development proposed. For example, developments in urban areas may have a lower permeability requirement than those in rural areas.

Permeable surfaces can include a range of features, such as permeable paving, gravel or crushed rock, garden beds, and lawn areas. These surfaces allow rainwater to infiltrate into the soil, where it can be absorbed and filtered naturally. In contrast, impermeable surfaces such as concrete, asphalt, and buildings prevent rainwater from infiltrating into the ground and can contribute to stormwater runoff.

Victoria Planning Provisions

If you’re planning to develop a property in Victoria, it’s important to understand the Victoria Planning Provisions (VPP). The VPP is a set of regulations that govern land use and development across the state. It provides a framework for planning and decision-making by planning and responsible authorities.

The VPP is part of the planning scheme, which is a legal document that sets out the policies and provisions for land use and development in a particular area. Each local government municipality has its own planning scheme, which is based on the VPP.

The VPP includes a range of provisions that cover different aspects of development, including residential, commercial, and industrial development. These provisions are designed to ensure that development is sustainable, meets community needs, and protects the environment.

If you’re planning to undertake development in Victoria, you may need to apply for a planning permit. A planning permit is a legal document that allows you to undertake a specific development on a particular piece of land. The planning permit process is governed by the VPP, which sets out the requirements for obtaining a permit.

To ensure a common interpretation and consistent application of the residential development standards in Clauses 54 and 55 in all planning schemes in Victoria, Planning Practice Note 27 (PPN27) was created. PPN27 provides guidance on understanding the residential development provisions and should be used in conjunction with the VPP.

In addition to the VPP and PPNs, there are also a range of other guidelines and practice notes that provide guidance on specific aspects of the planning system. These documents are designed to help applicants, planning authorities, and the community understand the planning system and ensure that development is consistent with the VPP.

Residential Development in Victoria

If you are planning to develop a residential property in Victoria, you need to be aware of the various residential zones and development provisions that apply to your project. The residential development provisions, commonly known as ResCode, apply to the construction of new dwellings, alterations and extensions to existing dwellings, residential subdivisions, and apartment developments. These provisions are applied through the planning permit or building permit systems.

Victoria has three residential zones: the Neighbourhood Residential Zone (NRZ), the General Residential Zone (GRZ), and the Residential Growth Zone (RGZ). Each zone has its own set of planning regulations and requirements. The NRZ is designed to protect the character of established residential areas, while the GRZ allows for a wider range of housing types and densities. The RGZ is intended to accommodate higher-density residential development in areas close to transport and services.

When developing a property in the NRZ or GRZ, you need to ensure that your project meets the minimum garden area requirement. This requirement mandates that 25% of the total site area must be set aside as garden area on each vacant lot created that is less than 400 square metres in area. This is to ensure that there is adequate green space in residential areas and to promote sustainability.

In addition to the minimum garden area requirement, there are 13 residential development standards that you need to comply with when developing a property in Victoria. These standards cover various aspects of residential development, including street setback, building height, site coverage, and more. It’s important to ensure that your project meets all of these standards to avoid any delays in the planning or building permit process.

Building Regulations and Standards

When it comes to site permeability in Victoria, there are several building regulations and standards that you need to be aware of. These regulations and standards are in place to ensure that buildings are safe, structurally sound, and able to withstand the elements.

One of the key regulations that you need to be aware of is the Building Regulations 2018. These regulations came into effect on 2 June 2018 and contain a range of requirements relating to building permits, building inspections, occupancy permits, enforcement, and maintenance of buildings.

In particular, Regulation 77 of the Building Regulations 2018 specifies the minimum area of permeable surfaces that an allotment must have. If an allotment is in a zone of a planning scheme specified in Schedule 6 and a schedule to that zone specifies that an allotment must have a minimum area of permeable surfaces, then the amount of the allotment that must have a permeable surface must not be less than the minimum area of permeability specified in that schedule.

In addition to the Building Regulations 2018, there are also a number of standards that you need to be aware of. These standards cover a range of objectives, including building height, setback, site coverage, permeability, and more.

For example, Standards A4 and B7 cover building height, while Standards A5 and B8 cover site coverage. Standards A6 and B9 cover permeability, and Standards A10 and B17 cover side and rear setbacks. Standards A11 and B18 cover walls on boundaries, and Standards A12 and B19 cover daylight to existing windows.

Outdoor Spaces and Structures

When it comes to site permeability in Victoria, outdoor spaces and structures play an important role. The construction of sheds, patios, eaves, pergolas, and other structures can affect the permeability of the site. In general, these structures can reduce the amount of permeable surface area on a site, which can have an impact on stormwater runoff and drainage.

If you are planning to construct any structures on your property, it is important to consider their impact on site permeability. For example, a shed or basement may reduce the amount of permeable surface area on your site, which can lead to increased stormwater runoff. On the other hand, a swimming pool or tennis court may actually increase the permeability of your site if they are designed to allow water to infiltrate into the ground.

In addition to structures, outdoor areas such as decks, terraces, and paved areas can also impact site permeability. These areas can reduce the amount of permeable surface area on your site, but they can also be designed to allow water to infiltrate into the ground. For example, a deck can be constructed with gaps between the boards to allow water to drain through, while a paved area can be constructed with permeable pavers that allow water to infiltrate into the ground.

When designing outdoor spaces and structures, it is important to consider the minimum garden area requirement in Victoria. The garden area requirement is a minimum percentage of the site that must be set aside for garden beds, lawn, and other permeable surfaces. The garden area requirement does not include structures such as sheds, carports, or garden sheds.

Planning and Zoning

When it comes to site permeability in Victoria, it’s important to understand the relevant planning and zoning regulations. The Planning and Environment Act 1987 establishes a framework for planning the use, development, and protection of land in Victoria. This act sets out procedures for preparing and amending the Victoria Planning Provisions (VPP) and planning schemes.

Planning schemes are legal documents that set out policies and provisions for the use, development, and protection of land in a particular area. They are divided into zones, which define the types of land use and development that are allowed in each area. The VPP sets out the state-wide planning policies that apply to all planning schemes in Victoria.

One important consideration when it comes to site permeability is the zoning of the land. The Neighbourhood Character Overlay (NCO) and the General Residential Zone (GRZ) are two zoning categories that are particularly relevant to site permeability.

The NCO is a planning overlay that aims to protect and enhance the character of established residential areas. It sets out specific requirements for new development in these areas, including site permeability. The GRZ is a residential zone that allows for a range of housing types and densities. It also includes specific requirements for site permeability, which vary depending on the size of the lot.

Other zoning categories that may be relevant to site permeability include the Residential Growth Zone (RGZ), the Mixed Use Zone (MUZ), and the Township Zone (TZ). Each of these zones has its own set of policies and provisions that may include requirements for site permeability.

Council and VCAT Involvement

In Victoria, the council is responsible for regulating and enforcing site permeability requirements. If you are planning to develop a property, you will need to submit a planning application to the relevant council. The council will assess your application and determine if it meets the site permeability requirements outlined in the Victorian Consolidated Regulations.

If the council determines that your application does not meet the site permeability requirements, they may refuse your application or require you to modify your plans. If you disagree with the council’s decision, you may be able to lodge an appeal with the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT).

VCAT is an independent tribunal that hears and decides on planning and environmental disputes in Victoria. If you appeal to VCAT, they will review your case and make a decision based on the evidence presented. VCAT’s decision is final and binding.

It is important to note that VCAT’s jurisdiction is limited to planning and environmental disputes. If your dispute is related to other legal matters, such as property ownership or contractual disputes, you may need to seek legal advice or pursue other legal avenues.

Car Parking and Driveways

When it comes to residential development in Victoria, car parking and driveways are important aspects that need to be considered. The Victorian planning schemes and building regulations apply the residential development provisions, commonly known as ResCode, which outlines the requirements for car parking and driveways.

Clause 52.06 and the Parking Overlay provide guidelines for when and how car parking spaces can be provided. They also determine the number of car parking spaces to be provided and explain the requirements for increasing or reducing the provision of car parking spaces. Car parking lots are important for the convenience of drivers and the viability of some businesses, and in activity centres they provide space for customer parking away from neighbouring residential streets.

Garages and driveways are also important components of residential development. A garage provides a secure space for parking a car and can also be used for storage. Driveways provide access to the garage and can be made of various materials such as concrete, asphalt, or gravel. The width and length of the driveway depends on the number of cars that need to be parked and the size of the garage.

When designing a driveway, it is important to consider the gradient, drainage, and turning space required for vehicles. The gradient of the driveway should not be too steep, as it can cause damage to the car and make it difficult to park. Drainage is also important to prevent water from pooling on the driveway and causing damage. Turning space is required for vehicles to safely enter and exit the driveway.

Subdivision Provisions

In Victoria, the subdivision of land is controlled by residential development provisions that are included in Victoria’s planning schemes and building regulations. Clause 56 of the Victoria Planning Provisions applies to all planning schemes in Victoria and sets out the requirements for residential subdivision.

When subdividing land, the subdivision area must be considered. The subdivision area is the land area that is being subdivided, and it must meet the minimum size requirements for the particular zone. For example, in the Neighbourhood Residential Zone and the General Residential Zone, the minimum subdivision area is 300 square meters.

Allotments created by the subdivision must also meet certain requirements. For example, in the Neighbourhood Residential Zone, the minimum allotment size is 200 square meters, and the minimum frontage is 10 meters. Additionally, when subdividing land that creates a vacant lot that is capable of being developed for a dwelling or a residential building in the Neighbourhood Residential Zone or General Residential Zone, 25% must be set aside as garden area on each vacant lot created that is less than 400 square meters in area.

Building envelopes set siting and design requirements for development on a lot. The design requirements include setbacks, height limits, and site coverage. When calculating site coverage for a proposal, the total building area includes both dwellings, both garages, and any other structures on the lot.

Amendments and Planning Strategies

When it comes to site permeability in Victoria, amendments and planning strategies play a crucial role in ensuring that the state’s land use is sustainable and appropriate. The Victorian planning system provides a framework for amendments to planning schemes, which can have significant planning implications and affect the wider community because they change the way land can be used or developed.

Clause 54 of the Victoria Planning Provisions (VPP) requires that all new residential development must provide for on-site stormwater management. This is to ensure that stormwater runoff is managed appropriately and does not contribute to downstream flooding or pollution. Clause 55 of the VPP requires that all new non-residential development must provide for on-site stormwater management, as well as demonstrate that the site’s permeability is maintained or improved.

Amendment VC110 to the VPP introduced a new objective to promote sustainable urban development and ensure that new developments are designed to minimise their environmental impact. This amendment also introduced new requirements for site permeability, including a requirement that all new development must maintain or improve the site’s permeability, as well as a requirement for stormwater management measures to be designed to maximise infiltration.

Municipal planning strategies also play an important role in managing site permeability. These strategies set out the vision and objectives for land use and development within a municipality, and provide guidance on how development should be managed to ensure that it is sustainable and appropriate. Clause 56 of the VPP requires that all planning schemes must include provisions for municipal planning strategies.

Strategic planning is another important tool for managing site permeability. Strategic planning involves identifying the long-term goals and priorities for land use and development within a region, and developing policies and strategies to achieve those goals. Strategic planning can help to ensure that development is managed in a way that is sustainable and appropriate, and that site permeability is maintained or improved over time.

Garden Space and Landscaping

When it comes to site permeability in Victoria, the minimum garden area requirement is an important factor to consider. The garden area is defined in clause 73.01 of the planning scheme and includes various elements such as unroofed terraces, patios, decks, steps, or landings less than 800mm in height, a basement that does not project above ground level, and the width of any eave, fascia, or gutter of a dwelling that does not exceed a total width of 600mm.

To meet the minimum garden area requirement, you should ensure that your property has enough garden space. The garden space should consist of an area of 80 square metres or 20 per cent of the area of the lot, whichever is the lesser, but not less than 40 square metres. This private open space should be located at the rear of the dwelling and be easily accessible from the living areas.

Landscaping is an essential part of creating an attractive and functional garden space. It can help to improve the visual appeal of your property, increase property value, and provide a range of environmental benefits. Landscaping can include garden beds, lawns, trees, shrubs, and other plants.

When planning your landscaping, it’s important to consider factors such as the local climate, soil type, and sunlight exposure. You should also choose plants that are suitable for the local conditions and require minimal maintenance. In addition, you should ensure that your landscaping design allows for adequate drainage to prevent water runoff and soil erosion.

Stormwater and Water Management

When planning a development project, it is important to consider the management of stormwater and water. This is especially important in Victoria, where there are specific planning requirements for stormwater management.

Stormwater refers to rainwater that flows over surfaces such as roofs, roads, and pavements. This water can pick up pollutants and contaminants along the way, which can have negative impacts on the environment and public health. Effective stormwater management is necessary to reduce these impacts and ensure that water is properly managed.

In Victoria, the planning requirements for stormwater management are outlined in the Victoria Planning Provisions. These provisions include specific clauses for stormwater management in urban development, including subdivision, buildings, and works. These clauses outline objectives, application requirements, decision guidelines, and transitional arrangements for stormwater management.

To comply with these requirements, developers and planners must consider the site permeability of the development site. Site permeability refers to the ability of the soil to absorb water. In areas with low permeability, such as clay soils, stormwater can quickly become runoff, which can cause flooding and erosion. In contrast, areas with high permeability, such as sandy soils, can absorb water more easily, reducing the risk of flooding and erosion.

To improve site permeability, developers can consider using permeable surfaces such as permeable pavers, porous asphalt, and gravel. These surfaces allow water to infiltrate into the soil, reducing runoff and improving water quality. Additionally, developers can consider incorporating green infrastructure such as rain gardens and bioswales, which can help manage stormwater and improve site permeability.

Materials and Sustainability

When it comes to site permeability, choosing the right building materials is crucial. Sustainable materials not only help reduce the environmental impact of construction, but they can also save you money in the long run by reducing energy costs and maintenance needs.

One option to consider is using recycled materials. These materials can include recycled concrete, steel, and glass, among others. By using recycled materials, you can reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills and lessen the need for new resources to be extracted and processed.

Another important factor to consider is the type of landscaping you choose. Lawns are often seen as a desirable feature in landscaping, but they can be problematic for site permeability. Lawns require a lot of water to maintain, which can lead to excess runoff and erosion. Instead, consider using native plants or other low-maintenance landscaping options that require less water and can help increase site permeability.

In addition to recycled materials and landscaping choices, there are several other sustainable building materials to consider. These can include:

• Bamboo: A fast-growing, renewable resource that can be used for flooring, furniture, and other building materials.
• Cork: A renewable resource that can be used for flooring, insulation, and other applications.
• Low-emitting paints and finishes: These products have fewer volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can improve indoor air quality.
• Energy-efficient windows: These windows can help reduce heating and cooling costs by keeping your home insulated.

How do you calculate site permeability?

Site permeability is calculated by dividing the area of permeable surfaces on the site by the total area of the site. Permeable surfaces include surfaces that allow water to infiltrate, such as lawns, gardens, and permeable pavements. The Building Regulations 2018 specify minimum permeability requirements for certain zones in Victoria.

Wrapping Up

Understanding site permeability in Victoria is crucial for sustainable and efficient construction projects. This article has provided valuable insights into the regulations and considerations surrounding site permeability.

If you have any questions or need further guidance regarding site permeability in Victoria, contact SQM Architects today to ensure your construction project meets site permeability standards and achieves optimal outcomes.